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ALKANON (ketones)

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Alkanon is considered to be derivatives of hydrocarbon compounds with fungsioal C = O group (carbonyl group).

Isomerasi on alkanon caused by:

a. Presence or absence of branches and branch location.

b. Location of functional groups.

Besides alkanon isomers with one another, also with alkanal isomer (isomer functional).

Making alkanon

Alkanon can be made by:

1. Oxidize secondary alcohols

2. Dry distillation of salts of alkali or alkaline earth metal carboxylate.

Methanal (H - C = O - H)

Posted by Sunzz SArah On 7:33 PM 0 comments

Methanal is a first rate series homoloh aldehyde, at room temperature a colorless odorless gaseous stimulating. 40% methanal solution in water is traded under the name of formalin. Formalin is used to preserve anatomical objects.

Methanal widely used as raw material for the manufacture of dyes, plastics, and others.

manufacture of methanal

1. Oxidation of methanol with oxygen from air using Cu as a catalyst.

2. The reduction of CO by H2 gas.

Preparation of aldehydes

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1. Oxidize primary alcohols.

Can be used as an oxidant oxygen from the air, provided the use of platinum or copper catalysts.

2. Heating the mixture of sodium carboxylate and sodium format dried (dry distillation).

3. Reacting formic acid alkyl esters with Grignard compounds.

Aldehyde or ALKANAL

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Adehida or alkanal as alkane derivatives in which one H atom from alkanes substituted with functional groups-C = O - O so that the aldehyde or alkanal written with the general formula R - C = O - H.

Isomerization on alakanal occurs because of the branch and branch location.

In addition to his neighbor also alkanal isomers isomers with alkanon (isomeri functional).

ether

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Ether derivative is a compound of carbon alkane, one H atom from alkanes substituted with alkosil group (-OR), so that the ether is given by:

The general formula: R - O - R '

Isomerasi

Isomerasi due to the ether functional group-OR location of his or its branches. Ether than isomers with each other also with alcohol isomers (isomer functional).

Preparation of ether

1. elimination of alcohol

In this way a mixture of alcohol and sulfuric acid plate heated to 140 degrees celcius. Addition of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst as well as a hygroscopic substance.

2. Synthesis William Son

In this way the alkyl halide is reacted with sodium alcoholates.

Usefulness ether:

- As the organic solvent compounds

- As the drugs in surgery.

Making Alcohol

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1. Reacting alkyl halides with KOH or AgOH

2. Acid reacting primary amines with nitrous acid

3. The reduction of carbonyl compounds is a compound containing the group C = 0

- Reduction alkanal produce primary alcohol

- Reduction alkanon produce secondary alcohols

4. synthesis of Grignard

Grignard compounds (alkyl magnesium kalida) is very important in making various kinds of alcohol. In addition RMgX reaction occurs at the carbonyl group by hydrolysis.

ALCOHOL

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Alcohol (monovalent alcohol) with the general formula R-OH can be considered a derivative of an alkane hydroxyl or alkyl derivatives of water.

The division of alcohol:

a. Based on the location of the-OH group on the carbon chain

Alcohol is divided into three kinds, namely:

1. Primary alcohol is alcohol-OH group was attached to the primary C atom. Primary C atoms are C atoms are bonded to one C atom to another.

2. Secondary alcohol is alcohol-OH group was attached to the secondary C atom. Secondary C atom is bonded to C atoms are the other two C atoms.

3. Alcohol is alcohol tertiary OH group was attached to the tertiary C atom. Tertiary C atom is bonded to C atoms are the other three C atoms.

b. Based on the-OH group attached to the chain C

Alcohol distinguished by:

1. Monovalent alcohol is also called alkanol alcohol that has only one-OH group

2. Polyvalent alcohol is alcohol-OH groups which have more than one. If you have two-OH groups called alkadiol. If you have 3-OH group named alkantriol and so on.